History of Tipu Sultan

History of Tipu Sultan First warfare â€Å"I saw a painting prominently displayed in the reception lobby at Wallops Flight Facility, Virginia, United States of America. This place was the base for NASAs sounding rocket programme. It depicted a battle scene with a few rockets flying in the background. A painting with this theme should be the most common place thing at a Flight Facility, but the painting caught my eye because the soldiers on the side launching the rockets were not white, but dark skinned, with the racial features of South Asians.it turned out to be Tipu Sultans army fighting the British. The painting depicted a fact forgotten in Tipus own country, but commemorated here on the other side of the planet. I was happy to see an Indian glorified by NASA as a hero of warfare rocketry†. Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Former President of India, in ‘Wings of Fire. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Tipu was a master strategist. Unfortunately for Indian history, his foresight and war acumen was recognised by none better than prime enemy The British in India. The Tiger of Mysore was quite simply put, just that. A Tiger to the core. Carrying on the legacy left by his indomitable father the great Hyder Ali, Tipu went on to become the quintessential thorn in the British rule in India. A close examination reveals a brilliant brain beyond the valiant warrior. The British had never been confronted in India with a more resolute and fierce contender. Tipus life-passion was to see the fall of the British in India with collective and consolidated resistance. The main focus of the external policies he displayed was that a balance was essential to restore a sense of normalcy in the governance of the country. This very balance had been tilted by the British and unless they were defeated comprehensively by a collective effort, the Indian identity would be crushed forever. Towards this end he tried to garner support from the neighbours, the other Indian powers like the Nizams and the Marathas. But their reluctance to shake out of the deep slumber of kingly comforts and complacence forced Tipu to seek alternatives. It was here that he displayed astute foresight and understanding of the art of diplomacy and war. Tipu analysed the aspects of British growth threadbare and realised that they had achieved near complete domination of the country by pitting one Indian prince against another. They had trained the Indian soldier and had ensured that it was Indian blood that was sacrificed to a larger extent in these campaigns. It was these very traits that Tipu intended to replicate when he tried to get French aid for his campaigns against the British. He yearned to see the two European giants fight each other to destruction. Just the way the Dutch eliminated the Portuguese and the English eliminated the Dutch presence in India, he hoped that the French would eliminate the English. While the French were fairly powerful, this of course would be possible only with the concerted efforts of not just the French but a cohesive and determined alliance of all Indian powers along with the French. Unfortunately for History, the British had learnt better lessons from their Anglo American wars than the French. The French failed to understand the fact that the surest way of getting at the English, akin to the American experience, was by extending massive support to the Indian powers in their struggle against the English. Despite repeated proposals from Tipu, the French failed to clutch the idea and adopted a rather timid posture as far as the Britishers in India were concerned. Regular visits by emissaries to France failed to convince the French that a golden opportunity to seize the initiative against the British indeed existed. It was only when the great Napoleon came to power and realised the validity of Tipus thought process did the French agree to pitchfork alongside the Mysorean. Destiny had her own designs. Napoleon, who had written to Tipu from Egypt and promised to arrive in India to start the revolution against the British, was stopped at Syria and the British had by t hen realised that Tipu was the primary instrument that would pivot the scales in the southern peninsular India. The ‘cohesive and concerted efforts policy of Tipu was not dependent entirely on the French. He had understood that of the four main players of Peninsular India, the other three being the Marathas, the Nizam and the British, it required the combined efforts of three powers to reduce the fourth power. Even the British, were not as powerful in the south as they were in the northern parts of India, Bengal in particular. The strong presence of the Marathas and the Hyder- Tipu combine had proven to be an entirely different predicament. The weak Nizams had also proven to be stronger than the Mughal Emperor. While the three Indian powers combined to achieve victories in the First and Second Wars of Mysore, the Nizam and the Marathas colluded with the British to engineer the defeat of Tipu in the third Mysore War. The diplomatic vision that drove Tipu to reach out to partners, the determination to follow that vision, even in the face of repeated betrayals are truly remarkable. The sole reason for the policy to fail was because the other Indian powers refused to shed their myopia. They failed to realize the magnitude and the implications of British imperialism. The swim against the heavy British tide was indeed lonely and in the end, unsuccessful for Tipu, however, the application of Diplomacy as an art backed up with unstinted courage in war very nearly upset the English applecart. This paper studies the military genius of Tipu Sultan with special emphasis on his foreign and diplomatic policies. The paper will also attempt to bring out the relevance of his policies in the present day.

Ways Of Selecting Romantic Par :: essays research papers

Ways of selecting romantic partners There has always been a belief that men and women differ in their ways of selecting romantic partners in terms of characteristics in their mates. For example, men have always been perceived to place more importance in size of breasts in women. Likewise, women have been perceived to place more importance on height of the men they are interested in and their build. This study is to find out whether these social stigmas are true in a typical large college campus dealing with subjects that are around the age of 18~19 years. Surveys were used to have the subjects rate the importance of characteristics of men and women that are typically looked at when either sex are looking for romantic partners. The research in question is, ';Gender Differences in Selecting Romantic Partners.'; There were previous researches and surveys done on this subject. There are five such studies that best relate to the research topic. The first appeared in Sex Roles. The article was titled 'Sex Differences in Factors of Romantic Attraction.'; The second appeared in Psychological Reports and was titled, 'Men's Preferences in Romantic Partners: Obesity vs. Addiction.'; The third appeared in College Student Journal and was titled, 'College Students' Homogamous Preferences for a Date and Mate.'; The fourth appeared in Sex Roles titled, 'Pursuit of Nontraditional Occupations: Fear of Success or Fear of Not Being Chosen?'; The last article appeared in Psychological Bulletin titled, 'Gender Differences in Mate Selection Preferences: A Test of the Parental Investment Model.'; The first article, 'Sex Differences in Factors of Romantic Attraction'; was written by Jeffrey S. Nevid. His studies method included an anonymous survey in a college classroom consisting of only heterosexual males and females around the age of 19 to 22 years. The author wanted to see if the popular belief of males placing such physical aspects such as breast size and buttocks size influenced their choice of romantic and sexual partners. He also included females in his studies. In his survey, many physical attributes were presented and the numbers showed that when choosing sexual partners, both men choosing romantic partners, personal characteristics were given more importance than physical. The second article, 'Men's Preferences in Romantic Partners: Obesity vs. Addiction'; was written by Sarah Sitton and Sharon Blanghard. The studies conducted by the two women were done using classified ads. The study was done to compare how

Problems Of Modern Youth Essay

It has been rightly said that we spend the first half of our lives trying to understand the older generation, and the second half trying understand the younger generation. This is nothing peculiar to the modern age. It has always been so. Every age has its own problem Youth has always felt somewhat exasperated with age, and age In always been suspicious of youth. With their natural ebullience a impatience, a majority of young people is keen to act and learn on the own rather than be guided by the experience of their elders. The ok people, being more at home with words rather than with action, oft make noises about the problems of youth. In every generation, old men are found shaking their hoary heads and waxing nostalgic about I good old days when young people knew better and showed due reverence to age and tradition. In all ages, whenever they have pondered over ways of youth, they have foreseen nothing but ruination staring the world in its face. And yet the world goes on. Every generation passes from spontaneity and exuberance of youth to the caution and prudence of old age, and then yields place to the next. Some of the charges brought against modern youth are that they represent a rudderless generation without any ideals to live by, or cause to live for. Without the redeeming influence of faith, they are afflicted with a compulsive reverence which manifests itself in increasing defiance of parental authority and revolt against established social, moral and behavioral norms. On the slightest pretext they take to the streets, indulging in violence and destruction. They want to attract attention to themselves through unconventional behaviour and clothes. A majority of them have fallen victims to self-pity, mister med as alienation. They are becoming a generation of drug addicts and have developed an aversion to honest, hard work, ever on the lookout to have something for nothing. It is no longer anxious youth going forth into a hostile world. Now, it is hostile youth going forth into an anxious world, which is not sure, what to expect from it. This is a formidable list of charges and it will require an army of psychologists to ascertain the truth of the allegations made and to analyze the erratic behaviour patterns referred to. But even from the layman’s point of view, the indictment appears to be patently one-sided. It betrays a lack of sympathetic understanding and realistic appreciation of the dilemma in which the younger generation finds itself today. If we come to think of it,  it is not that only the younger generation is feeling restless. As a matter of fact, human society itself is in a state of flux. And that is not a recent development. A profound change has been coming over it for the last quarter of a century. It started with those who had fought in the Second world War. They had been brought up in an atmosphere impregnated by conformism. But after they had borne the brunt of fighting for seven long y ears, their outlook was radically changed. They came to acquire a rather equivocal attitude towards established authority as also towards long-accepted social mores and codes of conduct. They had seen the death and destruction wrought by the war. It diminished their respect for the wisdom of old age because it was the old men—their fathers—who had started the war. The catastrophes of death and destruction, which had visited the world twice in thirty years eloquently, showed that the old had bungled, and that their claims to matur wisdom were false. Then the general erosion of law and order, which is natural in times of war, wrought a profound change in the spirit of the age. An attitude of dissent and irreverence came to replace spontaneous faith and quiet acceptance of the status quo. Thus, it was the old people themselves who sowed the seeds of that arrogance of which they complain so bitterly while discussing modern youth. A fast-growing populations has increased to complexities of life in our times and the fantastic technological progress triggered off by the Second World War. These two factors combined have brought about great socio-political changes during the last three decades, both in the industrialized countries of the west and in the underdeveloped countries in Asia and Africa. Growing affluence in the developed societies of the West has generated among the people there a restlessness, which pines for instant rewards. Pursuing the mirage, parents have little time to devote to their children and to properly direct and supervise their activities. The children have all the money they need, and seldom face the need to work for a living. The result is that they try to attract attention in other ways and seek excitement in drugs and permissiveness. In the underdeveloped countries also, young people are feeling disgruntled because their visions of a happy future are being obliterated either by interna l strife or by political opportunism. Very few among such countries are enjoying political stability and even in them, more often than not, it is a particular class which is cornering most of the  rewards of technological progress. This provokes the young to protest against rampant corruption in society and the denial of social justice. In the circumstances, is it to be wondered at if all talk of dedication to ideals, renewed moral vigour, basic virtues etc. leaves the young cold and unconvinced? They are no longer prepared to blindly accept whatever their elders choose to ram down their throats. They are prone to subject to critical review all the social and political values they are called upon to accept. When they see high-sounding principles invariably being ignored for expediency, political leaders deliberately hoodwinking the masses, vested interests being allowed to frustrate the state at every step, corruption common in high places and other gaping differences between promise and performance, they naturally bec ome cynical and clamour for change. Students form a very important group among the youth of all nations. Like the others in the same age group, they too have ample reason to be dissatisfied with the state of affairs in our educational institutions. Their biggest and most legitimate grievance is that what they learn after putting in so much time, effort and money has very little relevance to the realities of life with which they come face to face after leaving the university. Rather than equipping them to make a honourable living, education appears to be rendering them unemployable. Therefore, it is but natural that they should want to have a say in determining what should be taught so that it has some relevance to their future life and its needs. They would no longer tolerate politickers masquerading as teachers. They are not prepared to concede that the educational authorities have also to act as the guardians of their morals. They consider themselves quite capable of looking after themselves. If we look at the problems of youth today in the light of foregoing, it will be apparent that it is not the young alone who are to blame for the state of mind in which we find them. They may well be charged with being ignorant of what they want. But they surely know what they do not want. Theirs is a movement of protest against hypocrisy and lack of integrity in their elders, an expression of moral revulsion against corruption in society. Students are up in arms against displays of hollow pedantry and alienated erudition in educational institutions, the lack of living contact between students and teachers, and the unresponsiveness of the whole educational system to the need for change. The young are protesting against the difference between the  myth and reality of the society in which they are growing. Evidently, this concern for the future and this anxiety to rescue life from hypocrisy is very laudable indeed. But it cannot be said that the young are all the time guided by such high purpose, or that their choice of methods is always happy. Dissent is necessary—in fact obligatory, when things go wrong. But when it descends from the verbal level to the physical, it invites tragedy. Violence comes natural to youth. The young, supremely sure that the authority against which they are up in arms is unjust and oppressive, and feeling certain of the correctness of their own stand, react emotionally. The intensity of their feelings is such that it fills them with hatred and they turn to violence. Those who advocate taking to the streets to give vent to feelings of grievance plead that no one pays attention to words any longer. But this way of thinking is dangerous. Violence is an expression of intolerance. As the President of the Yale University said some time ago, the ugliness of the radical is no different from the ugliness of the reactionary. Both share the sin of arrogance, which is the enemy of freedom. In a general unleashing of violence, dissent is the first casualty. On the whole, the younger generation today is much misunderstood and more maligned than it deserves. The world, which it is going to inherit, will be immensely more exciting than the world of its predecessors ever was or could be. At the same time, life will present to it a much bigger and far more complex challenge. It would not do to condemn it and find fault with it that is easy enough. What is really important is that it is treated with understanding so that it can develop its faculties to reshape the world it is going to inherit in accordance with its noblest vision.

Free Essays on Fall Of Singapore

â€Å"Singapore: Too Little, Too Late†(Brigadier Ivan Simson). Was the fall of the British ‘fortress’ really inevitable? Discuss. 15th February 1942 marked the fall of Singapore to the hands of the Japanese. All along, Singapore had been the base of British power in South East Asia and had been viewed as a British fortress. Thus the collapse of a fortress in merely 70 days was a humiliating defeat for the British. However, judging from the circumstances prior to the war, the fall was inevitable. British attitude towards Singapore defence ever since the 1820s directly caused the rapid defeat. Various defence schemes for Singapore had been proposed, from Captain Edward Lake’s plan in 1827 to Collyer’s scheme in 1850 , but none had been fully implemented. In short, a lot had been said about defending Singapore, but very little had been done. Thus resulting in the lack of proper defence in Singapore. In addition, Britain over reliance on America to protect her interest in times of conflict is naivety on her part as America had a policy of non-intervention and disarmament then. The indecisiven ess and hesitation of the British, especially on the issue of using Thailand as a defence base, let the Japanese had a chance to beat them to it first. In comparison the Japanese army were well trained, experienced, efficient and had well-planned strategies. I shall thus show that the defeat is inevitable by further assessing Singapore’s defence and the attack put up by the Japanese in later paragraphs. To property evaluate the defence Singapore had prior to the war we must start from the 1820s. The British had never viewed the defence of Singapore as an urgent and important matter even though many defence plans had been proposed. The first major study of Singapore’s defence plans was conducted in 1827 by Captain Edward Lake of the Bengal Engineers. After his research he came up with a defence scheme for Singapore. It incl... Free Essays on Fall Of Singapore Free Essays on Fall Of Singapore â€Å"Singapore: Too Little, Too Late†(Brigadier Ivan Simson). Was the fall of the British ‘fortress’ really inevitable? Discuss. 15th February 1942 marked the fall of Singapore to the hands of the Japanese. All along, Singapore had been the base of British power in South East Asia and had been viewed as a British fortress. Thus the collapse of a fortress in merely 70 days was a humiliating defeat for the British. However, judging from the circumstances prior to the war, the fall was inevitable. British attitude towards Singapore defence ever since the 1820s directly caused the rapid defeat. Various defence schemes for Singapore had been proposed, from Captain Edward Lake’s plan in 1827 to Collyer’s scheme in 1850 , but none had been fully implemented. In short, a lot had been said about defending Singapore, but very little had been done. Thus resulting in the lack of proper defence in Singapore. In addition, Britain over reliance on America to protect her interest in times of conflict is naivety on her part as America had a policy of non-intervention and disarmament then. The indecisiven ess and hesitation of the British, especially on the issue of using Thailand as a defence base, let the Japanese had a chance to beat them to it first. In comparison the Japanese army were well trained, experienced, efficient and had well-planned strategies. I shall thus show that the defeat is inevitable by further assessing Singapore’s defence and the attack put up by the Japanese in later paragraphs. To property evaluate the defence Singapore had prior to the war we must start from the 1820s. The British had never viewed the defence of Singapore as an urgent and important matter even though many defence plans had been proposed. The first major study of Singapore’s defence plans was conducted in 1827 by Captain Edward Lake of the Bengal Engineers. After his research he came up with a defence scheme for Singapore. It incl...

4 great work from home jobs for teachers

4 great work from home jobs for teachers When you think of the day-to-day of a teacher, you likely envision the typical role of getting to school as the sun rises and standing in front of a class all day. All those work-from-home and make your own schedule perks are for other professions- not teachers, right? Not necessarily. Maybe you’ve been in the classroom for years and are looking for something a little more private and one-on-one. Maybe you still love education but family or personal circumstances make it so that the flexibility of working from home is ideal for you. If so, you’ll be thrilled to learn that there are lots of options available. That’s right, you can leverage the skills and experience that you’ve gained while working in the classroom and earn some real money- either extra income on top of your teacher salary or as your primary paycheck, all according to your schedule and needs.Consider the following work from home jobs if you’re a teacher looking to explore ways in whic h you can earn money without having to go beyond your very own front door.TutorYou’re already good at teaching students in the classroom, so why not earn some money doing it outside of class? Consider adding tutoring services to your roster of available work services- you can offer tutoring sessions at your home or online and book appointments that work around your current schedule, which is a huge plus for busy folks. Also, you can focus on the subjects you’re already an expert in, which means no â€Å"learning curve† or additional training is required- you can get started immediately. How’s that for a win-win work situation?Online TeacherThis one’s similar to tutoring in terms of directly leveraging what you already do inside of the classroom to earn a paycheck from the comfort of your own home. The number of institutions offering classes online- in nearly every subject imaginable- seems to grow by leaps and bounds every year, which means that th e demand for experienced and qualified educators will only continue to increase. Are you intrigued by the notion of getting paid to teach online from your home? If so, then this might be a perfect option for you.EditorWhat teacher doesn’t spend a significant amount of their professional time reviewing, editing, and revising their student’s written work? If this sounds familiar, then why not consider making some extra money doing it from home? Editors are paid to carefully read and revise a wide array of written material, from articles and books to blog posts, marketing collateral, and more. Many editors work from their own home computers and have leverage setting their own hours and rates- you can even have control over the types of materials you chose to edit, and once you get some experience under your belt you can specialize and focus in a topic or area of your choosing. If this sounds right up your alley then this just might be the work-from-home employment option that you’re looking for.Blogger/WriterThese days, many of us choose to blog for the fun of it, or because we’re passionate about a subject- but did you know that you can get paid for doing it? That’s right, many companies hire content developers to create original blog content for their sites in an effort to generate clicks and build their audiences. You can help contribute to their efforts and get paid in the process. The range of topics that you could potentially write about is nearly limitless, and you can typically have control over the hours you work. Also, if your content starts generating lots of reader traffic, you can build some real job security and even increase your hourly rate and take-home pay.Are you looking to boost your income with work opportunities that you can do from home? If so, then consider taking advantage of the opportunities mentioned here and you might find yourself with extra money without having to overhaul your life or derail your normal schedule and routine. Good luck!

My Life In Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

My Life In Business - Essay Example I tend to build close relationships with a small group of associates, who together we make progress as we come up with ideas to make the business more productive. Before I make a decision, I conduct a thorough analysis so that I can save time and not repeat the same process again. I am good at analyzing situations, and I believe in situations whereby I can examine the facts. I believe in situations where I can observe a situation and come up with a solution. This attribute makes me an integral part of any team I am a part of. Acquiring my trust takes time because a person has to prove him or herself and know what is expected of them in regards to their duties and responsibilities. I have experience in problem solving, building good business and personal relationships. I also express my feelings good or bad regardless of the situation and if a task is too difficult, I enlist the help from other people to help me accomplish it. I am also empathetic and patient with other people and I indulge with fellow people who are service oriented. I prefer colleagues who when attending meetings, start with a personal comment or joke to break the ice and also provide a friendly environment for the meeting. I prefer that we find common ground and explain their situations with facts, figures and not wasting time in engaging in small talk. I prefer people who work first and then relax and socialize later. I also prefer to listen to everyone`s contribution while in a meeting instead of just proposing and imposing ideas on other people. I do not associate myself with individuals, who are dictatorial, make promises they cannot keep and the individuals who use their positions to t hreaten others. I have also learnt how to communicate with individuals with different characteristics and traits. For example, when dealing with an easily irritable person, I do not indulge in unnecessary dialogue, I stick to business and I am as brief and specific as possible. I am very

Compare or contrast Ken Albala's Eating Right in The Renaissance with Essay

Compare or contrast Ken Albala's Eating Right in The Renaissance with Michelle Obama's Let's Move campaign - Essay Example This paper will compare the main theme of Albala’s book, that of dietary concerns and political activity with the Lets Move campaign started and ran by Michelle Obama. Albala states that diet and Political stability are interconnected, a fact that is illustrated by Michelle’s campaign. The First Lady’s campaign is targeted at reducing the overall rate of obesity in children in the United States by advocating for healthier eating habits and active lifestyles. The first comparison between the First Lady’s campaign and Albala’s theme is the actions by Obama to associate with the public. The First Lady’s campaign is a method of mingling with the population, which serves to increase the political influence of the President. The use of the First Lady as a promotional campaign serves to increase the notion that the White House and the political elite are concerned with the health and wellbeing of the population. Albala’s assertion that diet and political stability are interconnected is also true since it can be eluded that a healthy population has less time to find the negative effects of the political regime. From the photos in the Let’s Move campaign, Michelle’s efforts are seen as she tries to encourage the youth to plant gardens, which constitutes extra activity. The use of extra activity serves to reduce obesity rates in the population. The connection between the work of Michelle Obama and the author is also seen in the economic performance that the campaign has instigated. Albala states that there is a connection between the economic performance of a commonwealth with the food habits in the population, and from the reaction to the Let’s Move Campaign, this assertion is confirmed. The reaction of food manufacturers to Obama’s work included the actions by manufacturers and retailers to reduce sugar, salt and fat in in